What best describes 'waiting' as a type of waste in a project?

'Waiting' as a type of waste is best described as excess time spent in processes that add no value. In Lean Principles, waiting is identified as a significant waste because it does not contribute to the creation of value for the customer or the project. When team members or processes stall, whether due to delayed information, unavailability of materials, or any other obstacle, it results in time that could have been more productively utilized. This kind of waste detracts from efficiency and can extend project timelines unnecessarily, impacting overall productivity and potentially leading to increased costs. Understanding waiting as a waste means that teams can actively seek to minimize these non-productive periods through better planning, resource allocation, and workflow optimization.